Python Jumpstart by Building 10 Apps Transcripts
Chapter: App 7: Wizard Battle App
Lecture: Adding behaviors to the wizard
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It's time to add some behavior to our objects,
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now let's work with attack first.
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We'll just implement these 3 behaviors, attack run away and look.
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So attack I think is the most interesting, we'll start there.
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Now, the first thing we are going to need, remember,
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is the game said a creature of such and such type appears,
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or has come out of the forest and what do you want to do to it,
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so that part is not here yet, we do have our creatures
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they are up here but I need to get one and randomly selecting one
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seems like the ideal thing to do,
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so we can come down here and say something like active creature is something.
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Now, in many languages you can get random numbers,
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random integers and so on, and you know that if I had a random integer,
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I could come over here and say if I had randomly selected an index
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I can come over here and say creatures some index and pull that out,
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but in true Python fashion, Python has a better way to do that.
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It still involves a random module, so we'll start there.
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Add that at top and then we'll say choice,
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so we can go over here and say I have a set of items,
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I would like to randomly get one so we'll say
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I would like to just randomly select a creature
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so let's do a little print statement to just say what that creature is.
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We'll say a { } so you know, and then the name of the creature or something,
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has appeared from a dark and foggy forest, something like that.
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Now, I want to add the levels so we'll say of level
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that's very important to know whether we should attack it,
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so then we can say .format active creature.name and active creature.level,
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let's just add a little extra space here,
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so let's go and run it to make sure this randomly
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choosing a creature is working for us, yes,
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so this part up here we could probably get rid of that all right,
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here is our game, oh a bat of level 3 has appeared from a dark and foggy forest
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do you want to attack, run away or look around.
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And it didn't really matter what we press, it's just going to go around and around.
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You can see each time through it's randomly selecting an item
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so the sort of activating the random creature for a particular round is working,
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now next thing to do is work on
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what we do when we actually attack it, how we do this,
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there is a couple of ways depending
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on how you want the features at this game to evolve,
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there is maybe one way of doing it that's better than another.
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But I think the simplest and straightforward one is to assume
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that only wizards can attack creatures and maybe other wizards
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but creatures don't initiate the attack they don't have
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this concept of being an attacking creature they can just have,
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they can be in a battle but they are not the one who initiates it.
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And if that's the case, which I am going to say
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for this little game since I am writing it, that's the case.
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Putting some kind of attack behavior on the wizard
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so the wizard knows how to attack creatures is the way to go,
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so we'll come over here and we want to say something like hero. and then
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you can see we have our level and our name that we created in the init method
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and we want to add not just data but behavior.
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so let's go over here to our actors
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where we have our wizard and we'll define
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just like any other method we are going to define a method called attack,
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these instance methods they always take the self parameter,
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when you invoke them from the outside
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you don't specify the self or anything like that not explicitly anyway,
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but when you define them they do,
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that's just how python classes work,
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and then you can pass the actual arguments that appear to the color
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so the thing we want to pass is some kind of creature
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and we'll just print something like
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and we want to refer to the name of the wizard
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that is the particular instance the object that was generated from this class
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that would be the self parameter, right,
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so we'll say self.name and then the creature also has a name
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and a level so we'll go like that.
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So let's go over here now and say .attack,
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now we have our data and our behavior.
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And we'll come down here attack the creature,
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so that will be active creature,
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now we still have a lot of work to do to determine whether they win,
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to figure out even what the algorithm is for winning or losing or fighting,
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but we should be able to at least test this out.
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Ok a bat of level 3 has appeared form the dark and foggy forest,
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let's attack it, why not, so the wizard Gandolf attacks bat,
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so let's go finish our attack method.
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Now, PyCharm has some really cool ways to navigate around,
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I can come over here and if I hit command B
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it will actually take me over to that method wherever it happens to be defined, right,
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there is only two files it's pretty straightforward to find it
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but in real projects you might have 50 files and where did this beast come form,
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that can be really tricky so that is a super helpful feature,
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you can also hold down command
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and then all of these things basically become hyper links,
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so I'll click over here and it will take us straight to attack.
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So, this print part, this is going well,
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now what we want to do is decide on the algorithm
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and my simple algorithm I am going to use for this game
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is the level of the creature and the level of the wizard
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are going to be factored into this
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and we are going to have what would be more geeky in dungeon and dragon
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then a 12 sided dice, so you are going to roll 12 sided dice,
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multiply it by your level and then whoever rolls
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the higher number is going to win that battle,
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so that will go something like this,
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I'm just calling my roll = now I want a random number between 0 and 12
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so we'll say random and just like before we'll import this,
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and we'll say rand int and we are going to give it 1 to 12
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and then I am going to multiply that by the wizard
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because this is the wizard's throw by the level.
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Similarly, we are going to have creature roll,
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and it's going to be the creature's level.
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And then we are just going to compare
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but first before we do so you get some visibility
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into what's happening let's do a print statement, you roll some number, my roll
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and then we'll say the creature like bat or toad or whatever rolls,
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then finally we are going to do a test to see who rolled the higher number,
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and I am going to assume if the creature and the wizard tie
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because the wizard has the element of surprise, he is going to win.
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So that would look something like this,
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if my roll is greater than or equal to creature roll,
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then let's return true to say that we won,
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on the other hand we could return false here,
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now we also want to give a little visibility
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like print the wizard had handily defeated whatever it was, right,
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so we'll say .format creature.name
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so down here we can say the wizard has been defeated,
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let's change it so we don't need to use the same words,
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they triumphed over, ok.
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There is a couple of things going on here that are not fantastic.
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One of them is that this attack method really should be performing the attack,
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it should be doing this algorithm here
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and it should be doing sort of this decision here
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determining whether or not you won or the creature has won.
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But it's also doing this kind of UI management stuff,
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now this is simple game we are just going to leave it here
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but in a real application you want to somehow
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separate if possible the UI piece from the core logic of our game
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so we are kind of violating that rule here
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but just because we are just getting started with classes
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let's just keep it simple and roll with this.
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All right, let's test our attack method, ok,
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a tiger of level 12 has appeared out of the forest,
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let's go ahead and attack since well, that's the only thing we've done,
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and it looks like I forgot something in my print string,
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so notice here there is one, two place holders but only one value provided,
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let's go fix that really quick.
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Ok, now let's try it again.
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All right, this time, that same tiger has appeared, let's attack it.
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Ok the wizard Gandolf attacks tiger and you roll 375, the tiger 24.
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So the wizard has handily defeated the tiger.
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Now, something more serious has happened,
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a dragon of level 50 let's give that thing a shot, OH NO!!!,
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now we only got 75 the dragon did 100 and we have been defeated.
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Now there is really no consequence for us to be defeated
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and if we look around we haven't implemented that part yet, but if we did,
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you would see that all the creatures are still there
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even though they have been defeated.
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Let's do a little work on the consequences of being defeated.
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So over here we'll say if when the hero attack the creature they win,
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what we should probably do is remove that creature from the game.
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This creatures list holds all the living creatures,
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so we can do something really simple like this creatures.remove
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and just give it the creature, active creature.
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On the other hand if the hero loses, there is two possibilities here,
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one could be that's it, the game is over you are done,
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the other one is maybe the hero wasn't killed all the way,
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they are just defeated so they have to go rest and recover.
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It's pretty straightforward to say print game over break without the semicolon,
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break so let's look at what we might do if we want to make it pause.
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So to make it sort of appear to pause,
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we'll come over here and we'll say time
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and I imported just the import time above,
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and I say time.sleep and that's a number of seconds it takes
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a floating point number so I could do like 0.001 for milliseconds,
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something like that and let's say you are going to sleep for 5 seconds,
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and we'll say something like this print, like this
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and then we can print, the wizard returns revitalized
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and let's just add a new line down here at the end of all this
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so there is some space so here is the consequence
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of either winning or losing this attack round,
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so when the hero attacks
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the creature is removed from the game when the hero loses,
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we have decided that actually the game is not over,
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but that the hero has to go rest for a while, so let's try that,
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ok again a tiger of level 12 we have seen
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we have a good chance against that let's go, all right,
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so we have beaten the tiger, now but you can't really tell,
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like us we haven't verified it yet, is we haven't implemented look around,
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so let's do that really quick, just so we can see that our creatures are going away.
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So what we are going to do is just say something like
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wizard so and so takes in the surroundings and sees
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then I want to loop over each of the creatures
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so I'll just say remember our for in loop,
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so we'll say for c in creatures we'll print out
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maybe a little sort of place holder thing like this
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and we'll say a name of level such and such
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and again a format would be nice here so we'll say c.name c.level
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and maybe that fits on one line, ok.
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Ok, let's try this again,
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now we can see if our remove is working
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ok so the tiger again, every single time it's the tiger,
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all right tiger attack oh we definitely defeated him,
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oh oh, a dragon of level 50, it's not so good,
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so we'll look around and apparently we are going to need to put something there
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a toad of level 1, a bat of level 3, a dragon and an evil wizard.
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Well, the dragon is away, the toad is out, we can attack it and beat it of course,
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we look around again,
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now the toad and the tiger gone, let's attack the bat- again, we defeated it,
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now it's just the dragon and the evil wizard,
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it's kind of getting a little bit harder for us here,
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I still got to fix this but let's go and do this attack,
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what are we going to attack- the dragon, maybe we can beat that.
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Oh, we have won, ok now it's just down to the evil wizard,
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there is almost no chance we are going to win here but let's give it a shot.
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Oh no the wizard has been defeated,
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he runs and hides, taking time recovering.
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Now notice, it took actually stopped for that five seconds and then it went on,
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let's do it again I am sure we'll lose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, counting up and there we go.
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So that's our time.sleep.
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Excellent, let's just get out of here for now.
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You can see we forgot our format here, hero.name
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well the very last thing to implement is just run away
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and that is super easy to do
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let's just say print the wizard has become unsure of his power and flees.
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All right so let's look around, oops, focus focus focus- look around,
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so the wizard is looking around he sees all this things,
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oh my gosh this toad is frightening, run away,
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all right so the wizard has become unsure of his power and flees,
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and now a tiger appears, oh let's attack it, excellent, we defeated it,
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now if we look the tiger is gone, I think our game is very nearly done,
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there are a couple of things we are going to come back
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and look at because the way we have written it here
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while it works in this simple scenario
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is not maybe the best way to model things
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so we are going to do one more pass on this
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and make sure we have everything just right.
