#100DaysOfWeb in Python Transcripts
Chapter: Days 97-100: Docker and Docker Compose
Lecture: Container history: Operating systems
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Let's talk about some history. Now I told you that the shipping industry's container transformation was not that long ago. In fact it was 1956.
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And it turns out our software container history is pretty recent as well. So let's serve some important dates up here.
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We can go back to 2000, when FreeBSD had what they called jails. And jails were ways for administrators to partition
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FreeBSD systems into smaller, independent little things called jails, which have the ability to have their own IP addresses for each system
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and their own config and so on. So that's kind of a early idea of this container. Take one system, break it up into smaller isolated pieces.
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Around this time we also had Linux Vservers. And Vservers were a way to partition things like file systems and network addresses and memory and so on.
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And this was actually implemented by patching the Linux kernel itself. So Google came up with this thing called process containers
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which were later renamed control groups or cgroups. This is back in 2006, and it was a way to isolate things like CPUs, memory, disk, and network
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you know, for a collection of processes. And keep separate set of resources for each process. You know, Google, they have a couple servers.
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They do tons with containers. Now this started out as a custom Google thing but eventually was merged into the Linux kernel at 2.6.24.
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Not long after that, we have LCX containers and LCX containers were the most complete container
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management system using the cgroups that Google invented. So it's a way for you to manage, control, and run these groups, right.
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Think of this as like an early Docker or something like that. So Google comes up with these groups they get merged into the kernel
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and then LCX is a way to control and manage your processes on it. Then the biggest event in container history for software is that Docker came around.
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So Docker is a way to run these containers as well and it's an entire ecosystem around running and maintaining
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and building these containers and these images. And originally it was based on LXC but then they actually converted it to be their own system.
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It's something called LibContainer. It doesn't matter that much but it started out building on the same LXC stuff
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but now Docker's really it's own thing. And Docker is the de facto way for creating containers I would say these days. Now, it's not the end
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because once you have a real application an application with say a data layer middle tier layer with services that need to scale out
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front end bits with a bunch of servers that you want to scale out and keep them running and update them in real time with zero down time
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things like that, that gets hard to do just even still with Docker. So Kubernetes came along as a way to orchestrate and configure and connect
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all of these different things running in Docker containers. So Kubernetes is a great way to build sort of clusters of these cooperating containers
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built on Docker. Alright, so here's the history. We're really just going to focus on Docker in this chapter but it gives you a perspective
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of where everything lands and even if you're interested in Kubernetes, which you may be, I'll show you some things you can run cooperating Docker
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containers without Kubernetes. But if you are, still you're going to need to understand Docker super, super well. So, let's get to it.